AC ASSIST
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Anti-Collision Autonomous Support and Safety Intervention System. Part of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union. In this project, not only the Adaptive Cruise Control will be refined, but also the collision warning and collision avoidance systems.
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Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
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Automatic speed regulator in the vehicle, which also maintains a safe distance from the vehicle ahead (also known as ICC, Intelligent Cruise Control, or AICC, Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control). In Japan, Mitsubishi has marketed the first automobile equipped with ACC. Daimler Benz, BMW, Volkswagen and Toyota will soon follow suit with their luxury cars.
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AHSRA
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Advanced Cruise Assist Highway System Research Association. A prominent Japanese consortium investigating Automated Highway Systems as well as smaller-scale driver assistance systems. The Japanese government and the automobile industry are participating. Foreign governments and research institutes are also participating.
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Automated Highway
Systems (AHS)
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Collective name for the systems which enable fully automated vehicle guidance on the motorway.
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AHSEA
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Automatic Highway System European Analysis. A project which falls under the Telematics for Transport Programmes of the European Fourth Framework Programme with the objective to research and define promising demonstration and/or implementation scenarios (in preparation for the Fifth Framework Programme). Start: early 1998.
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Automated Vehicle
Guidance (AVG)
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Collective name for systems in which the driver’s tasks are automated entirely or in part. AVG is applied in cargo transportation, passenger travel and public transport.
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Autonomous Intelligent
Cruise Control (AICC)
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See: Adaptive Cruise Control.
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CHAUFFEUR
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A project which falls under the Telematics for Transport Programmes of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union (*). The project focuses on electronically-linked lorries riding at a short distance from one another at approximately 85 km. per hour.
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Collision Avoidance Systems
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Collective name for built-in systems in vehicles which detect obstacles on the road and intervene in the event of an impending collision (example: automatic braking).
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Collision Warning Systems
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Collective name for built-in systems in vehicles, which detect obstacles on the road or other vehicles and give a warning in the event of an impending collision.
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CombiRoad
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A system for the automated transportation of containers from ports to transhipment locations in the hinterland. CombiRoad has already been achieved at a test site. A redefinition of this system without physical lateral guides is currently being studied. Ultimately, it should be possible to implement the unmanned transportation of containers on specified target lanes into the ordinary road grid.
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Cruise Control
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A system which can be installed in the vehicle and which automatically maintains a constant vehicle speed dictated by the driver. See also: Adaptive Cruise Control.
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Demo 98 Rijnwoude
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International demonstration of developments in the AVG area. It will be held from 15 through 19 June 1998 on National Trunk Road 11 in Rijnwoude.
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DRIVE I en II
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Second and third research programmes, subsidised by the European Union (*).
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driver assistance systems
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Collective name for systems which can ease the vehicle driver’s tasks. The systems can range from cruise control to all techniques which make fully automated driving possible.
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Dual Mode Trucks (DMTs)
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Lorries which can be operated by people and can also be automatically driven. Developed in Japan, under the supervision of the AHSRA and the PWRI (Public Works Research Institute, department of the Ministry of Construction).
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ERTICO-ADAS
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Advanced Driver Assistance Systems International consultative body with the self-imposed objective of promoting the short-term applications of AVG.
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EuroDelta-Testsite
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A Dutch organisation specialised in the provision of facilities for research and developmental projects in the traffic and transportation areas. EDT is one of the organisers of Demo ’98 in Rijnwoude.
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Europe Combined
Terminal (ECT)
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The world’s largest transhipment company, located in the port of Rotterdam. Uses automated guided vehicles for the transportation of containers, based on a FROG navigation system and self-developed navigation systems.
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Fifth Framework
Programme
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Fifth European research programme, which will commence in late 1998 as a follow-up to the Fourth Framework Programme.
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Fourth Framework
Programme
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A European research programme running from 1996 through 1998. The fourth programme being subsidised by the European Union (*). This programme includes ten research trajectories, including Telematics for Transport. Related research projects and joint-ventures include: CHAUFFEUR, AC ASSIST, UDC, SAVE , AHSEA, IN-ARTE and LACOS and RESPONSE.
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Free Agent Vehicles
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Independently-driven vehicle (*) which is capable of driving in normal traffic without external guidance.
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FROG
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Free Ranging On Grid Technology, where an unmanned vehicle moves independent of rails while orienting itself to a ‘grid’ (= a series of markings in the road). Vehicles equipped with FROG technology can transport both passengers and goods. Similar vehicles will soon be used for the Parking Hopper at Schiphol Airport. They are currently being tested between the Rotterdam metro station Kralingse Zoom and the industrial park Rivium in Capelle (Park Shuttle). The company ECT uses FROG technology for goods transport.
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ICACAD
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TNO’s (*) AVG-equipped vehicle.
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IN-ARTE
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Integration of Navigation and Anti-collision for Rural Traffic Environment. A project which falls under the Telematics for Transport Programmes of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union (*). It is studying an integrated system which guides the driver and gives a warning in the event of an impending ‘dangerous’ situation. Particularly applicable in a rural environment.
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Infra-red (sensors)
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Technology enabling the exchange of data between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure through invisible beams with a low frequency.
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INRIA
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A French research institute in the information technology and automation area. Is carrying out the Praxis project, and is participating in the demo in June1998.
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Intelligent Cruise Control
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See: Adaptive Cruise Control.
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Intelligent Speed
Adapter (ISA)
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A system by which the vehicle’s maximal speed can be externally modified or indicated. For example, all cars in residential areas drive at 30 km./per hour. A pilot project in the Netherlands is planned for 1999.
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Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS)
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Collective name for technologies in the traffic and transportation sector which are based on telematics and information technology. AVG is part of ITS. ITS America was established 10 years ago for co-ordination between developers of intelligent transportation systems. The Directorate-General of Public Works and Water Management (*) is also participating in this public-private partnership. ITS Nederland was established in 1997 for co-ordination at the national level.
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Intelligent Vehicle
Initiative (IVI)
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American joint-venture-in-formation. The research objects will primarily be AVG systems which can be applied quickly. In large part, the same participants as the NAHSC.
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LACOS
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LAteral COntrol Support project. Sub-project being carried out under the auspices of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union (*). Research of systems which support the driver in the prevention of collisions, based on the lateral movement of the vehicle.
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Lanekeeping Systems
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Systems built into the vehicle which, with the assistance of sensors, ensure that the vehicle stays in the lane.
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laser (sensor)
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Technology (based on enhanced radiation) enabling the exchange of data between vehicles and between vehicles and the infrastructure.
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Lateral, (control task)
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Here: everything which relates to the various sideways movements of a vehicle (changing lanes, passing, parking, etc.). See also: longitudinal.
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Lateral guide
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Lateral guiding exists when a vehicle guided by automation makes contact, for example, via a wheel on the side, with the infrastructure on which it rides. See also: CombiRoad.
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Longitudinal (control task)
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Here: everything which relates to the various forward and backward movements of a vehicle, including braking. See also: lateral.
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Magnetometers
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Technology installed in the vehicle (on the bumper, for example) for communication and data exchange with magnetic tape or magnets in the road surface. See also: magtape.
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Magtape (magnetic tape)
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Tape installed in the middle of the lane which ensures the exchange of data between the vehicle and the infrastructure (*).
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MoonCat
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Automatically-driven vehicle used by the Defence Ministry on Vlieland to pull the moving target. See also: Jeep (*). Based on FROG technology.
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NAHSC
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National Automated Highway System Consortium. An American joint-venture (with foreign participants, including the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (*)) whose research task is the development of an Automated Highway System (AHS).The NAHSC is now ending its activities.
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Obstacle Avoidance
Systems
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Systems built into the vehicle which detect obstacles on the road and avoids them (or which intervenes, for example, by coming to a complete stop). See also: Collision avoidance systems.
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Park Shuttle
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Name of the people mover which currently maintains a connection between the metro station Kralingse Zoom and the industrial park Rivium in Capelle aan den Ijssel. Based on FROG technology.
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Parking Hopper
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People mover which will be employed at Schiphol Airport for the transportation of passengers from the long-term parking area to the airport. Based on FROG technology.
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PATH
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Name of the prominent research programme in the NAHSC in the Automated Highway Systems (AHS) area. Part of the University of California.
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People Mover
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Collective name for mostly the automated short-distance transportation of groups and individuals. Currently using its own infrastructure, both rail-dependent and (new) rail-independent. See also: FROG, Parking Hopper, Park Shuttle, smart tram
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Platooning/Platooned
Vehicles
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Vehicles which closely follow one another in ‘convoys’, also known as ‘train-forming’. The vehicles may be linked to one another (for example, electronically); they may or may not be guided externally.
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Praxis
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Individual public transportation system developed by the French research institute INRIA and a French public transportation company.
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PROMETHEUS
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The first research programme in a European context which researched AVG, subsidised by the European Union. Pre-competitive research with participation by the European automobile industry.
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Quality Public
Transportation (HOV)
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A project currently underway in Utrecht and Eindhoven with the objective of improving the quality of public transportation. The study involves, among other things, how busses can ride the final stretch to the platform automatically. This achieves perfect horizontal and vertical positioning with the platform, beneficial to, among others, the elderly and handicapped. The "smart tram on wheels" project is currently underway in Eindhoven in the HOV context.
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radar
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Technology by which, through the emission of radio waves reflected by an object, the direction, speed and distance of that object can be determined.
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radar reflective tape
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Tape with ferriferous material which can be implanted in the road surface and which can be ‘read’ using radar equipment in the vehicle.
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Roadside reflectors
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Small poles along the roadside with a reflector (currently used to simplify navigation (*) at night). Within the scope of AVG, it is possible that these same poles might be used to determine the location in the lane.
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RESPONSE
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Project which is part of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union (*). Negotiations on this project are ongoing.
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Rijnwoude (Demo 98)
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South Holland municipality situated between Leiden and Alphen aan den Rijn where the international AVG demo project will be held from 15 through 19 June 1998.
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SAVE
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System for effective Assessment of driver state and Vehicle control in Emergency situations. Sub-project being carried out under the auspices of the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union (*). A detection system is being developed which senses inattentiveness or poor functioning on the part of the driver and which can, moreover, intervene by warning the driver and other road users, and which can then itself safely park the car on the road shoulder. The programme also includes plans for a link with an emergency services warning system.
The detection system monitors eye movements, position of the head, grip on the steering wheel, etc. An assessment of the driver’s attentiveness will be made based on his personal characteristics.
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‘smart tram on wheels’
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People mover resulting from a join-venture between local companies and governmental bodies in Eindhoven. Unmanned, electronically-driven bus. See also: HOV
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Smarttruck (MnDoT -)
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American-made vehicle which automatically follows a route on the basis of GPS co-ordinates.
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Stop and Go
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System which enables automatic platooning (at lower speeds, without passing).
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SuperFROG
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Central computer system which supervises the people movers based on FROG techniques in Rotterdam.
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Technical feasibility
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Technical feasibility. The technical feasibility of AVG was demonstrated during Demo ’97 in San Diego. Technical feasibility was also the main theme during the demo projects held in 1995 and 1996 in Japan. The main theme during Demo ’98 in Rijnwoude will be the social integration of AVG.
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TRAIL
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Research school in the AVG area in which both the Delft Technological University and the Rotterdam-based Erasmus University are participating.
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Urban Drive Control (UDC)
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Project which falls under the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union (*). To optimise traffic flows especially in cities, Renault, Fiat, Jaguar and PSA are co-operating in the development of a combination system: the speed of a vehicle can be determined externally through communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure. ACC and stop-and-go -assistance ensure the vehicle’s response. UDC is currently being tested in Turin.
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Roads to the Future (WnT)
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A project set up by the Directorate-General of Public Works and Water Management with the objective to find new ways to guarantee accessibility in the long-term. WnT is divided into six sub-projects. The subject of these projects is the performance and usage of the main road grid in thirty years’ time (2030).
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zero vision
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A term used in Sweden which describes the objective of AVG in the area of safety: complete exclusion of accidents with vehicles guided by automation through (in particular) external speed regulation.
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